This type of TPS is a resistor variable.As the throttle position changes, the output voltage from the sensor changes. At idle position it is recognized by the lowest voltage reading through the sensor but in contrast, the maximum power signal is recognized by the highest reading at full position of the sensor travel.
Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP)
Map sensor reads vacuum.As vacuum is applied the voltage reading changes. The more vacuum applied the higher the output voltage reading is for the sensor.
Air Flow / Mass Sensors (MAF)
The voltage reading I got when I first powered up the sensor without passing air over was 1.03 volts. When air passed over the sensor the voltage reading increased. The internal operation of this sensor is as air passes through the sensor the voltage reading increases.Vane or Flap Air Flow Sensor / Meter (AFM)
As air passes through the flap air flow sensor the voltage out reading at the signal decreases as the flap is opening. Depending on what angle the flap is the voltage reading will be different.